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What Are Indices? Trading indices (or stock indices) are measurements of the value of a group of stocks from a particular exchange, sector, or region. Rather than trading individual stocks, traders can speculate on the overall performance of a market via these indices. Popular Global Indices INDEX REGION DESCRIPTION S&P 500 USA 500 largest US companies Dow Jones (DJIA) USA 30 major US companies NASDAQ 100 USA 100 largest non-financial companies on NASDAQ FTSE 100 UK 100 top companies on the London Stock Exchange DAX 40 Germany 40 top companies on the Frankfurt Exchange Nikkei 225 Japan 225 major companies on the Tokyo Stock Exchange Hang Seng Hong Kong Major companies in Hong Kong ASX 200 Australia 200 top companies on the Australian Securities Exchange How Index Trading Works? CFDs (Contracts for Difference): Most popular method; allows speculation without owning assets. Futures: Agreements to buy/sell at a future date and price. ETFs: Exchange-Traded Funds that mirror an index. Options: Contracts offering the right (not obligation) to buy/sell the index. Why Trade Indices? Diversification: Exposure to a whole market, not just one stock. Liquidity: High volume and tight spreads in major indices. Volatility: Frequent price movements = opportunities for profit. Market Insight: Reflects broader economic sentiment. Risks Market volatility Leverage amplifying losses Geopolitical and economic events affecting indices

What Are Commodities? Commodities are basic physical goods that are interchangeable with others of the same type and are used as inputs in the production of other goods or services. Main Types of Commodities CATEGORY COMMODITY Energy Crude oil, Natural gas, Heating oil Metals Gold, Silver, Copper, Platinum Agriculture Wheat, Corn, Coffee, Soybeans, Cotton Livestock Cattle, Hogs How Commodity Trading Works Futures Contracts: Agreement to buy/sell at a predetermined price at a future date. CFDs (Contracts for Difference): Speculate on price changes without owning the asset. Spot Trading: Immediate purchase/sale of the commodity. ETFs & Mutual Funds: Indirect exposure to commodity markets. Options: Right, but not obligation, to buy/sell at a set price by a specific date. Why Trade Commodities? Hedge against inflation (especially gold and oil) Portfolio diversification Volatility = profit potential Supply & demand-driven pricing (influenced by geopolitics, weather, economics) Risks High leverage = amplified losses Political instability affecting supply chains Weather events (especially in agriculture) Volatility in global demand (especially energy)

What Is Currency Trading (Forex)? Currency trading involves buying one currency while simultaneously selling another, in pairs (e.g., EUR/USD). The Forex market is the largest and most liquid financial market in the world. Major Currency Pairs PAIR NAME NOTES EUR/USD Euro/US Dollar Most traded pair USD/JPY US Dollar/Japanese Yen Highly liquid, low spreads GBP/USD British Pound/US Dollar Volatile, popular for speculation USD/CHF US Dollar/Swiss Franc Considered a safe haven AUD/USD Australian Dollar/US Dollar Tied to commodities USD/CAD US Dollar/Canadian Dollar Linked to oil prices How Currency Trading Works Pairs System: Always trading one currency against another CFDs/Spot Trading: Most common methods for retail traders Leverage: Often high (e.g., 50:1 or more), amplifying gains/losses 24-Hour Market: Open 5 days a week, globally Why Trade Currencies? Liquidity: $6+ trillion traded daily Leverage opportunities Diversification Profit from rising or falling currencies Risks High leverage = high risk Economic/political news can cause volatility Requires close monitoring and quick decision-making Can be affected by interest rates, inflation, trade data, and geopolitics